Attention is placed on some vital organs of the digestive systems such as the stomach, bowels, small and large intestine, sigmoid colon, rectum and the liver. Knowing their peculiarities gives you a good knowledge on the digestive system on an infant.
Peculiarities of the stomach in infants
• The stomach lies horizontally, is found until approximately 2 years of age
• In horizontally lying baby, the gastric fundus is lower as the antral part of the stomach
• Gastroesophageal refluc is frequent
• Cardial sphincter has a poor development of mucous membrane and muscular tunic
• Pyloric part is developed well.
• The fundus of stomach is under the left dome of diaphragm
• The weight of the stomach is 6-7g in newborn, in 1 year old 18-21g
The anatomical capacity of the stomach (centimeters cube)
Newborn (30-35), 4 days old (45), 14 days old (90), 6 months (200), 1 year (250-350), 2 years (500), 4 years (700), 8 years (1000) and Adult (1200-1600).
The physiological capacity of the stomach (centimeters cube)
Newborn (7), 1 year (250-350), 3 years (400-600), 10 years (1300-1500)
Peculiarities of the stomach secretion in infants
1. The proteolytic function of the stomach juice in baby is 1/3 less than in adult
2. Figures of common gastric acidity is in 2.5-3 times lower than in adult
3. The fats of human's milk are easy to digest by enzyme lipase of human's milk, saliva and stomach juice.
4. highly saturated fats are digested only in a small intestine.
Peculiarities of the bowels in infants
1. The length is relatively longer than in adult
2. Ratio of bowels length and body length are:
• In newborn- 8.3:1
• 1 year- 6.6:1
• 16 years- 7.6:1
• In adult- 5.4:1
3. The increasing of bowels length is slower than the increasing of length of the body.
4. The bowels are more mobile in infant.
Peculiarities of the small intestine in infant
• The length is two times less than in adult
• The length of small intestine mesentery is relatively longer
• The membrane is thin and well vascularized
• The intestinal glands are bigger than in adult
• The lymph cells are located in each little part of small intestine
Peculiarities of the large intestine in infant
• The large intestine is not completely developed
• The length of the large intestine is the same as the body length (in any age of a child)
• Hasutrume appear after 6 months of Life.
Peculiarities of the sigmoid colon in infant
• It is longer
• It is mobile
• Increasing in size during the life.
• The localization of sigmoid colon is upper in children who are 5 years younger than in school children (in school children it is in the pelvic cavity).
Peculiarities of the rectum in infant
• The localization is under the entrance into the small pelvis in preschool children
• In school children the rectum is in the small pelvis
• It is longer
• It is mobile
• The ampulla of rectum is absent in newborn
Peculiarities of the liver in infant
• Before the birth the liver is the largest organ of the body
• It is in the upper quadrant of the abdomen and one part of the right epigastrium
• The left lobe is very large before the birth
Liver functions
• Bile salts emulsify fats making them available to intestinal lipases.
• Bile helps make the products soluble and available for absorption by the intestinal mucosa; it stimulates peristals.
• Detoxification
• Glucose metabolism
Hepatocytes functions
• Synthesis of bile
• Storage (glycogen, fat, vitamins, copper, iron)
• Biotransformation
• Synthesis of blood components
No matter your profession and what you do, knowledge of the digestive system in whichever magnitude is very important.
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